节能减排——暖通空调(设计)行业面临的机遇和挑战

以“十二五”国家节能减排指标为起点,分析了“十二五”国家节能减排指标给暖通空调(设计)行业带来的机遇和挑战；结合暖通空调(设计)行业现状,从设计观念、技术水平等五个方面提出了暖通空调(设计)行业存在的主要问题；分别从行业转型发展和具体发展对策两方面提出了要实现“十二五”国家节能减排指标暖通空调(设计)行业应当采取的对策；最后根据暖通空调(设计)行业的发展需求,向政府提出了若干条建议.     

Cognitive and affective processes for learning science in immersive virtual reality

As immersive virtual reality (IVR) systems proliferate in classrooms, it is important to understand how they affect learning outcomes and the underlying affective and cognitive processes that may cause these outcomes. Proponents argue that IVR could improve learning by increasing positive affective and cognitive processing, thereby supporting improved performance on tests of learning outcome, whereas opponents of IVR contend that it could hurt learning by increasing distraction, thereby disrupting cognitive learning processes and leading to poorer learning outcomes. In a media comparison study, students viewed a biology lesson either as an interactive animated journey in IVR or as a slideshow on a desktop monitor. Those who viewed the IVR lesson performed significantly worse on transfer tests, reported higher emotional arousal, reported more extraneous cognitive load and showed less engagement based on EEG measures than those who viewed the slideshow lesson, with or without practice questions added to the lessons. Mediational analyses showed that the lower retention scores for the IVR lesson were related to an increase in self-reported extraneous cognitive load and emotional arousal. These results support the notion that immersive environments create high affective and cognitive distraction, which leads to poorer learning outcomes than desktop environments.     

Soft Matter Technology at KIT: Chemical Perspective from Nanoarchitectures to Microstructures

Bioinspiration has emerged as an important design principle in the rapidly growing field of materials science and especially its subarea, soft matter science. For example, biological cells form hierarchically organized tissues that not only are optimized and designed for durability, but also have to adapt to their external environment, undergo self‐repair, and perform many highly complex functions. Being able to create artificial soft materials that mimic those highly complex functions will enable future materials applications. Herein, soft matter technologies that are used to realize bioinspired material structures are described, and potential pathways to integrate these into a comprehensive soft matter research environment are addressed. Solutions become available because soft matter technologies are benefitting from the synergies between organic synthesis, polymer chemistry, and materials science.     

Defining resilience for the US building industry

ABSTRACT

Initiatives to operationalize the concept of resilience in the building industry are rapidly emerging. The concept of resilience has introduced a way to explore solutions to some important problems in the building industry. However, much of the work that has taken place to date represents activities generally assigned to risk management, which is discussed as being inherently insufficient for sustaining the functions of the built environment under stresses. This commentary considers the opportunities and limitations for mainstreaming resilience into building industry processes and actors. Barriers include indeterminate analytical meaning, event and performance uncertainty, immature regulatory standards setting, and untested enterprise economics. Further, the multiple outcomes of recovery and the relationship between building recovery and adaptation are discussed and, along with economics of resilience investments, a research need highlighted. A simple heuristic is presented to illustrate the complement of resilience to risk management and advance the integration of resilience into existing industry workflows.     

3D打印技术应用在奶油食品工业中的方案设计

糕点行业中的奶油食品是快速消费品,具有厚、稠、粘特性,针对奶油类食品加工的特点,结合微机技术,设计了主要由电源模块、控制模块、执行模块和驱动模块组成3D奶油打印机方案。该方案利用喷射技术、三相机械控制技术解决了奶油的不易流动性,保证了清洗方便性。在设计中采用了成熟的设备设施进行有机组合,并对关键部件及技术做了具体说明。     

Market opportunity recognition in the Chilean wine industry: traditional versus relational marketing approaches

The aim of this paper is to examine how wine firms implement their marketing strategies based on the recognition of market opportunities by their Chief Executive Officers (CEOs). Firstly, we describe the marketing activities in 69 traditional Chilean wine firms. Then, in-depth interviews with CEOs of two wineries are analysed using cognitive maps to uncover the cognitive processes responsible for recognizing and executing market activities. Our findings indicate that there is a similar set of strategic resources across the wineries, but the CEOs’ different perceptions of the usefulness of these resources in the implementation of marketing strategies have led them to select diverse strategies to increasing both the price per bottle and wine sales. This paper makes two contributions. Firstly, we compare the benefit of implementing traditional and relational marketing strategies in the Chilean wine industry. Secondly, we show that the CEOs’ perception of feedback processes among the available resources affects the recognition of market opportunities and the marketing strategy in wine firms.     

《油汀用冷轧钢带》行业标准解读

简要介绍了《油汀用冷轧钢带》行业标准的制定原则，同时对相关技术内容确定依据进行了说明。     

中国电力行业CDM潜力分析

构建了一种能够评估我国清洁发展机制(clean development mechanism,CDM)项目潜力的分析评价模型,该模型由两个主要模型"能源环境系统的综合评价模型"和"CDM项目潜力最优分析模型"组成。以此模型为基础,分析评价了我国电力行业CDM的实施潜力。结果表明,我国电力行业未来CDM项目的潜力巨大,且对节能的效果也非常显著。     

中国建筑业分行业资本存量测算

结合国家和建筑行业相关统计数据,并综合有关研究成果确定关键指标,采用永续盘存法对我国建筑业1980～2009年的资本存量进行测算,同时对分行业资本存量进行比较分析。结果表明我国建筑业资本存量总体呈逐年上升趋势,房屋建筑业和铁路、公路、隧道、桥梁行业的增长速度要明显高于其他行业。